10. By 2015, she won't have become a parent.

3. Read the events in Debbie's life. What will or won't have happened by the time the first event occurs? Use the information in the time line from Exercise 2. Write sentences using already and yet.

2. By the time she moves into an apartment, she won't have gotten married yet.

3. By the time she starts college, she won't have bought a used car yet.

4. By the time she graduates from college, she will have already moved into an apartment.

5. By the time she spends a summer in France, she won't have found a job at a bank yet.

6. By the timie she graduates from college, she will have already spent a summer in Frnace.

7. By the time she gets married, she will have already graduated from collge.

8. By the time she moves to Miami, she won't have bought a house yet.

9. By the time she becomes a parent, she will have already graduated from collge.

10. By thte time she buys a home, she won't have become a parent yet.

4. Ask and answer questions about these people's accomplishments. Choose between the future prerfect and the future perect progressive. Use the calendar to answer the questions.

2.

Q: By April 19, how much will Valerie have saved?

A: By April 19, she will have saved $35.

3.

Q: By June 16, how many books will Sung have read?

A: By June 16, he will have read 15 books.

4.

Q: How long will Don have been running by may 29?

A: By May 29 he will have been running for five weeks.

5.

Q: How many miles will Tania have run by may 29?

A: By May 29, she will have run 72 miles.

6.

Q: Will Rick have saved $100 by March 27?

A: No, he won't.

7

Q: How many apartments will Tim have painted by May 29?

A: By May 29, he will have painted six apartments.

8.

Q: Will he have finished by June 19?

A: Yes, he will.

9..

Q: Will Talia have lost 20 poiunds by May 21?

A: Yes, she will.

10.

Q: How long will Erik have been stidying by April 26?

A: By April 26, he will have been studying for nine weeks.

5. Editing

January 1

By August , I’ll be [have been] a word processor for ten years.  And I'll earn [have been earning] almost the same salary for three years!  That's why I've just made a New Year's resolution to go back to school this year.  First I'm going to write for school catalogs and start saving for tuition.  By March, I'll have figure [figured] out how much tuition will cost.  Then I'll start applying.  By summer, I had [‘ll have] received acceptance letters.  In August, when I will have my annual review with my boss, I'll have already been decided on a school.  I will talk to her about working part-time and gong to school part-time.  By that time, I'll also have saving [saved] enough to pay for a semester's tuition.  My cosin will had [have] gradaed by that time, so he might move in with me and share the rent.  By next New Year's Day, I'll have finish [finished] the first semester!

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Unit 7

2. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are talking about their move to Toronto.  Match the statements on the left with the tags on the right.

1. i

2. e

3. h

4. f

5. b

6. g

7. k

8. c

9. j

10. l

11. a

12. d

3. Complete this interview with Tessa Bradley.  use appropriate tags.

HOST: You’ve lived in Toronto for many years, haven’t you?

BRADLEY: Since I came here to teach video arts.  Seems like ages ago.  Looking back now, I can’t believe I just packed one suitcase and got on a plane.

HOST: You didn’t know anyone here either, did you?

BRADLEY: No.  And I didn’t have a cent to my name.  Just some ideas and a lot of hope.  It sounds crazy, doesn’t it?

HOST: Not when you look at all the TV shows you’ve done.  Things have sure worked out for you, haven't they?  You’ve already worked on two big TV series, and you’ve done some work for the movies as well.  You’re working on another movie now, aren’t you?

BRADLEY: Yes.  It’s a comedy about some kids who become invisible.

HOST: Sounds like a good movie for the whole family.   I know I’ll certainly take my kids to see it.  Speaking of kids, you have some of your own, don't you?

BRADLEY: Two boys and a girl --- all very visible!

HOST: I know what you mean.  Do you ever wish they were invisible?

BRADLEY: Hmmm.  That’s an interesting thought, isn't it?

4. Anton is looking at an apartment.  Complete these negative yes/no questions and short answers.  Use the verbs that are in the sentences following the short answers.

2. OWNER: You look familiar. Haven't you seen this apartment before?

ANTON: No, I haven't. I’ve never seen it before.  This is the first time.

3. ANTON: Didn't you put an ad in the newspaper?

OWNER: Yes, I did. I put an ad in yesterday’s newspaper.

4. ANTON: The apartment feels hot. Doesn't it have an air-conditioner?

OWNER: No, it doesn't. It has a fan.  That really keeps it cool enough.

5. ANTON: I notice that there are marks on the walls.  Aren't you going to paint it?

OWNER: Yes, I am. I’m going to paint it next week.  I haven’t had time yet.

6. OWNER: Isn't it a nice apartment?

ANTON: Yes, it is. It’s a very nice apartment.  But I’m not sure I can take it.

7. OWNER: Isn't it big enough?

ANTON: Yes, it is. It’s big enough, but I can’t afford it.

8. OWNER: Can't you find a roommate?

ANTON: Yes, I can. I can find one, but I really want to live alone.

5. Read this information about video artist Nam-Jun Paik.  Imagine you are going to interview him, and you are not sure of the information in parentheses.  Write negative yes/no questions or tag questions to check that information.

2. Didn't you take piano lessons? OR You took piano lesssons, didn't you?

3. Didn't you move to Tokyou? OR You moved to Tokyo, didn't you?

4. Didn't you study music composition? OR You studied music composision,, didn't you?

5. Didn't you write traditional music? OR You didn't write traditional music, did you?

6. Didn't you paint on paper? OR You didn't paint on paper, did you?

7. Didn't you continue to miss Korea? OR You continued to miss Korea, didn't you?

8. Didn't you use 1,003 TV monitors? OR You used 1,003 TV monitors, didn't you?

9. Don't you do installations anymore? OR You don't do installations anymore, do you?

10. Didn't you become a U.S. citizen ? OR You became a U.S. citizen, didn't you?

6. EDITING

Tessa Bradley is working on a new TV show.  Read part of this TV script.  There are nice mistakes in the use of negative questions, tag questions, and short answers.  The first mistake is already corrected.  Find and correct eight more.

BEN: It’s been along time, Joe, haven’t [hasn’t] it?

JOE: That depends on what you mean by a long time, doesn’t that[it]?

BEN: Are not you [Aren’t you]afraid to show your face around here?

JOE: I can take care of myself.  I’m still alive, amn’t [aren't] I

BEN: Until someone recognizes you.  You’re still wanted by the police, are [aren’t] you?

JOE: I’ll be gone by morning.  Look, I need a place to stay.  Just for one night.

BEN: I have to think about my wife and kid.  Don’t you have any place else to go?

JOE: Yes, I do[No, I don’t].  There’s no one to turn to but you.  You have to help me.

BEN: I’ve already helped you plenty.  I went to jail for you, haven’t [didn’t]I?  And didn’t I kept [keep]my mouth shut the whole time?

JOE: Yeah, OK, Ben.  Don’t you remember what happened in Vegas, do you? [OR You remember what happned in Vegas, don’t you?]

BEN: Don’t ever think I’ll forget that!  OK, OK.  I can make a call.

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Unit 10

1. Read the first sentence of each item.  Then circle the letter of the sentence that is closest in meaning.

2. Mr. Goldberg had us do research about animals.

a. Mr. Goldberg did research for us.

b. We did research.

3. My teacher made me rewrite the report.

a. I wrote the report again.

b. I didn’t write the report again.

4. She got me to add more information.

a. I agreed to add more information.

b. I didn’t agree to add more information.

5. Ms. Lee let us use our dictionaries during the test.

a. We were allowed to use our dictionaries.

b. We had to use our dictionaries.

6. My mother didn’t let me stay home from school.

a. I stayed home from school.

b. I went to school.

7. Paulo helped Maria do her homework.

a. Paulo did Maria’s homework for her.

b. Both Paulo and Maria worked on her homework.

8. Professor Washington let us choose our own topic for our term paper.

a. We chose our own topic.

b. We didn’t choose our own topic.

2. Students in a conversation class are talking about their experiences with authority figures.  Complete each sentence by circling the correct verb.  Them match each situation on the left with the person in authority on the right and write the letter of the answer on the line.

h 2. I didn’t really want to work overtime this week, but she made/let me work late because some of my coworkers were sick.

e 3. I forgot to turn on my headlights before I left the parking lot a few nights ago.  She made/let me pull over to the side of the road and asked to see my license.

a 4. At first, we didn’t really want to write in our journals.  He explained that it would help us.  Finally, he had/got us to try it.

g 5. My check was delayed in the mail.  I told him what had happened, and he had/let me pay the rent two weeks late.

b 6. I needed to get a blood test for my school physical.  He got/had me roll up my sleeve and make a fist.

i 7. We’re a big family, and we all have our own chores.  While she washed the dishes, she helped/had me dry.  My brother swept.

d 8. I’m an only child, and when I was young I felt lonely.  He let/got me sleep over at my friend’s house.

f 9. I wasn’t paying attention, and I hit a parked car.  He let/made me tell the court what happened.

3. A  Complete summary.  Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.  Some summaries will be affirmative; some will be negative.

2. ANA: Could I work alone?  I really don’t like to work in a group.

MS. ALLEN: You need to work in a group today.

SUMMARY: She made Anna (or her) work (make / work) in a group.

3. MS. ALLEN: Fernando, could you do me a favor and clean the board before you leave?

FERNANDO: Sure.

SUMMARY: She had Fernando (or him) clean (have / clean) the board.

4. MS. ALLEN: Uri, please show Greta how to research orcas on the Internet.

URI: Sure.

SUMMARY: She got Uri (or him) to teach (get / teach) Greta how to do research on the Internet.

5. URI: Google is a search engine.  Just type orca in that space and hit “Return.”

GRETA:   Wow!  Look at all that information!

SUMMARY: Uri helped Greata (or her) find (help / find) information abojut orcas.

6. HECTOR: What does positive reinforcement mean?

MS. ALLEN: Why don't you see if one of your classmates can explain it to you?

SUMMARY: Ms. Allen had Hector (or him) ask (have / ask) his classmates for help.

B  Now complete the summaries with make, have, let, help, or get plus the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.  Some summaries will be affirmative; some will be negative.

2. MARIA: Mom, can I borrow the car?

MOM: Only if you drive your sister to soccer practice.

SUMMARY: Maria’s mother made (or had) her (or Maria) drive / got her (or maria) to drive (drive) her sister to soccer practice.

3. JOHN: Can I borrow your camera for our class trip to the zoo?

DAD: Sure.  I know you’ll take good care of it.

SUMMARY: John’s father let him (or John) borrow (borrow) his camera.

4. JOHN: Excuse me, could I take pictures in here?

ZOO WORKER: Sure, but don’t use the flash.  Light bothers these animals.

SUMMARY: The zoo worker didn’t let him (or John) use (use) the flash on his camera.

5. PAUL: Ms. Allen, which movie on this list do you think we should rent?

MS. ALLEN: you might like Free Willy.  It’s about a captive orca

SUMMARY: Ms. Allen helped them (or the class) choose (or to choose) (choose) a movie to rent.

6. MARIA: John, the group wants you to read your report to the class.

JOHN: No way!   Sorry, but speaking in front of the class makes me nervous.

SUMMARY: Maria didn't get him (or John) to read (read) the report to the class.

4. EDITING

Read this e-mail petition about orcas.  There are eight mistakes in the use of make, have let. help and get.  The first mistake is already corrected.  Find and correct seven more.

LET THEM GO!

Orcas are beautiful and intelligent, so aquariums easily get audiences buy [to buy] tickets for orca shows.  What does this mean for the orca?  In the wild, an orca may swim up to 100 miles a day and dive hundreds of feet below the water.  In captivity, we have this animal lives [live] in a small pool where it may get sick and die of an infection.  Some people argue that captive orcas have helped us learned [learn or to learn] about these animals.  However, orcas cannot behave naturally in an aquarium.  In captivity, trainers make them to perform embarrassing tricks for a “treat.”  In the wild, these animals have rich social lives in families.  How can watching tricks help we [us] learn about their lives?  Orcas don’t belong in aquariums!

Don’t let these beautiful animals suffering [suffer] in order to entertain us!  First, help us stop aquarim shows.  Stop going to these shows and get your friends and family stop [to stop] also.  Next, we must make aquariums stop buying orcas.  Write to your mayor and tell him or her how you feel.  Finally, aquariums must let [have] others retained [retrain] these animals and release them to the wild.

Help us help the orcas!  Sign this e-letter and send it to your friends.

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Extras

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Unit 6 extra

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Unit 7

1. Anne-Marie wants to rent an apartment.  Complete her conversations with the landlord.  Use appropriate tags.  Write short answers based on the apartment ad.

N. Smithfield unfurn.  1 BR in owner occup. bldg., renovated kitche w. all new appliances, incl.  DW, near all transp. & shopping. $500/mo. + util. Avail. for immed. occup. No pets. 555-7738

1. ANN-MARIE: The rent is %500, isn’t it?

LANDLORD: Yes, it is.

2. ANN-MARIE: That includes electricity, doesn't it?

LANDLORD: No, it doesn’t.

3. ANN-MARIE: The apartment isn’t furnished, is it?

LANDLORD: No, it isn’t.

4. ANN-MARIE: You’ve renovated the kitchen, haven’t you?

LANDLORD: Yes, I have.

5. ANN-MARIE: The kitchen doesn’t have a dishwasher, does it?

LANDLORD: Yes, it does.

6. ANN-MARIE: you just put in a new refrigerator, didn’t you?

LANDLORD: Yes, I did.

7. ANN-MARIE: A bus stops nearby, doesn’t it?

LANDLORD: Yes, it does.

8. ANN-MARIE: I can’t move in right away, can I?

LANDLORD: Yes, you can.

9. ANN-MARIE: You won’t allow pets, will you?

LANDLORD: No, I won’t.

10. ANN-MARIE: you live right in the building, don’t you?

LANDLORD: Yes, I do.

2. Complete the conversations.  Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.  Write negative yes/no questions and tag questions.

A: Ari: Didn’t’ you  move in  (1. move in) last week?

Dan: Yes.  You haven’t been living here very long yourself, have you?

Ari: Oh, it’s been about a year now.

Dan: It’s a nice place to live, isn’t it?

Ari: We think so.

B. Katie: You haven’t seen the letter carrier this morning, have you?

Dan: No.  Why?

Katie: I don’t think our mail is being forwarded from our old address.

Dan: Didn’t you fill out (2. fill out) one of those change-of-address forms?

Katie: Yes.  But that was almost a month ago.  We should be getting our mail by now, shouldn’t we?

Dan: I would think so.

C. Dan: Isn’t (1. be) there an all-night supermarket nearby?

Mia: Yes.  It’s at 10^th and Walnut.

Dan: I know where that is.  Didn’t there use to be (2. used to / be) a restaurant there?

Mia: That’s right.  It closed last year.

Dan: That’s strange.  It hadn’t been there very long, had it?

Mia: About a year.  I guess the location just wasn’t good for a restaurant.

D. Ari: The new neighbors are really friendly, aren’t they?

Mia: Yes.  That reminds me.  The people across the hall invited us over for coffee and cake on Saturday afternoon.  You haven’t made any plans for then, have you?

Ari: Well, I was going to work on our taxes.

Mia: Can’t you take (3. can / take) a little break?

Ari: Sure.  Why not?

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Unit 8 extra

1. This is a true story about twin sisters.  Complete the story with affirmative and negative additions.

A Birthday Surprise

Tamara Rabi and Adriana Scott are twin sisters who were born in Guadalajara, Mexico.  However, the twins didn’t meet until shortly after their 20^th birthday.

Tamara and Adriana were adopted and grew up in different parts of New York.  Adriana’s adoptive mother knew that her daughter had a twin, but Tamara’s mother didn’t.  When Tamara began her studies at Hofstra University, a fellow student said that she looked really familiar, and so did another and then did another and then another.  At her 20^th birthday party, one of the guests told her about his friend Adriana.  Adriana was from Mexico, and Tamara was too.  Adriana didn’t know her birth parents, and neither did Tamara.  Adriana’s parents had adopted their child as an infant, and so had Tamara’s.  The most surprising thing of all was that the two girls had the same birthday.  Tamara was intrigued.  She decided to contact Adriana by e-mail several days after the party.

Adriana and Tamara found that they were not exactly alike.  For example, Tamara likes Chinese food, but Adriana doesn’t.  Because she had worn braces, Adriana’s teeth are straight, but Tamara’s aren’t.  Still, they share many similarities, and when they exchanged photographs, they couldn’t believe how much they resembled each other.  The twins agreed to meet.

On the day of their meeting, Tamara didn’t want to go, and Adriana didn’t either.  They were both afraid of what might happen next, but Adriana had invited friends to come along, and so had her sister.  Having their friends there made them feel safe.

Shortly after their 20^th birthday, the twins were reunited.  Adriana received a wonderful gift, and her sister did too: They received the gift of each other!

2. Complete the conversation with affirmative and negative additions and responses.

A. Kaleb: I’ve heard that there’s a twins festival every year.

Laren: So have I.

Kaleb: I didn’t realize that there were enough twins around to have a festival.

Karen: I didn’t either.  But hundreds of them attended the festival last year.

Kaleb: I’m talking about the festival in Twinsburg, Ohio.

Karen: I am too.  Did you know that some of the people who go there actually fall in love and get married?

Kaleb: Are you kidding?

Karen: No.  In 1998, Diane Sanders and her twin sister Darlene went to the festival in Twinsburg, and Craig Saners and his brother Mark did too.  Diane and Craig fell in love, and so did Darlene and Mark.

Kaleb: Let me guess.  Their children are twins.

Karen: Not exactly.  Diane and Craig have identical twin sons, but Darlene and Mark don’t.  They have two singletons --- one daughter was born in 2001 and the other in 2003.

Kaleb: What’s a singleton?

Karen: A child that isn’t a twin.

B. Ellie: I thought I knew where the expression “Siamese twins” came from, but I didn’t.  I had to look it up.

Grant: What did you find out?

Ellie: Well, you know it refers to identical twins whose bodies are joined.  Chang and Eng Bunker were conjoined twins who were born in Siam in 1811.  The term was originally used to describe them.  The preferred term today is “conjoined twins.”

Grand: I remember reading about them.  Most doctors at the time had never seen conjoined twins, and neither had anyone else.  Chang and Eng became famous.

Ellie: It’s interesting.  They ended up living in the United States.  Chang got married, and so did Eng.  Their wives were sisters.  Chang and his wife had 10 children, and Eng and his wife had 11.

Grant: Do you know how they died?

Ellie: When they were older, Chang was sick, but Eng wasn’t.  He was still strong and healthy.  One night Eng woke up, and his brother was dead.  Eng died the same night.

C. Kim: More and more women in the United States are having children later in

life.

Amy: Women in Europe are too.  The average age of new mothers is rising there.

Kim: Because of the fact that new mothers are older and because of fertility treatments, the number of triplets, quadruplets, and quintuplets will continue to increase.

Amy: And so will the number of twins.

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Unit 9 extra work

1.                    Complete these statements with the correct form---gerund or infinitive---of the verb watch. (Note: In some cases, both the infinitive and the gerund will be correct.)

(example 1) The children wanted to watch television.

(example 2) I suggest watching television.

1. We would like to watch television.

2. Do you need to watch television?

3. I was busy, so I really couldn’t afford to watch television.

4. I should have stopped, but I continued to watch/watching television.

5. Has a teacher ever encouraged you to watch television?

6. Some people dislike watching television?

7. Others absolutely refuse to watch television.

8. Please turn off all the lights after you finish watching television.

9. What time did you start to watch/watching television?

10. My sister is addicted.  She can’t help watching television.

11. How long ago did you quit watching television?

12. Do you mind watching television?

13. My roommate and I have decided to watch television.

14. I feel like watching television.

15. They considered watching television.

16. He keeps watching television.

17. When you’re tired, you seem to watch television.

18. Are they going to the movies or planning to watch television?

2. Use the correct form ---gerund or infinitive--- of the verbs in parentheses to complete this article.

TOO ANGRY TO REMEMBE THE COMERCIALS?

According to a new study, watching (watch) violent TV shows make it difficult to recall (recall) brand names or commercial messages.  Violence creates anger, and instead of hearing (hear) the commercials, viewers are attempting to calm (calm) themselves down after violent scenes.  The conclusion: Sponsering (sponsor) violent programs may not be profitable for advertisers.

This conclusion is good news for the parents, teachers, and lawmakers who are struggling to limit (limit) the amount of violence on U.S. television.  They had a small victory in the late 1990s, when lawmakers and the television industry designed a TV-ratings system.  Unfortunately, Congress did not ask parents to participate (participate) in creating (create) the system, and the industry does not invite parents to preview (preview) shows before it assigns ratings.  As a result, parents are still guessing about the content of the shows their kids watch.

Why are parents objecting to having (have) violence in television shows?  The numbers tell the story: A typical child will see 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence between the ages of 3 and 12!  It’s impossible to believe (believe) that this input won’t affect young children.  In fact, researchers have noted the following possible effects of viewing (view) this much violence:

1. Children may become less sensitive to other people’s suffering.

2. They may also become fearful of interacting (interact) with other people.

3. They may be more likely to behave (behave) in a way that is harmful to others.

Studies have shown that a majority of people want commercial TV to produce (produce) more educational and informational programs.  In addition, more than 75 percent prefer to limt/limiting (limit) the number of hours of TV that children watch, and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends not permitting (not permit) children to watch (watch) more than one to two hours per day.

It’s hard to understand (understand) why the entertainment industry resists making (make) changes.  Parents, teachers, and doctors are urging the industry to develop (develop) clearer ratings and to get rid of (get rid of) violence in children’s shows.  What’s more, violent TV shows don’t seem to offer (offer) companies an effective way to advertise (advertise) their products.  Even artists in the television business feel that it’s time to decrease (decrease) the amount of violence in American TV shows and have warned the industry executives not to continue (not continue) to avoid/avoiding (avoid) change.

The industry may choose not to pay (not pay) attention to the public, but it will not be able to ignore Congress.  Lawmakers want to investigate (investigate) the way networks market violent shows to teenagers.  They are also asking the industry to schedule (schedule) violence-free hours, when no violent content is allowed.  Hopefully, parents in the United States will someday feel good about turning on (turn on) the family TV.

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Unit 10 Extra

1. Complete this article about the roles that animals can play in our lives.  Circle the correct verbs.

The Animal-Human connection

Can pets get/help humans lead better lives?  Not only animal lovers but also some health0care professionals believe that pets let/get us improve our quality of everyday living.

Pets have/help their owners stay healthy.  For example, dogs need daily exercise, and this has/makes many owners turn off their television sets or computers and go outside for a walk.  While waling their dogs, they receive the health benefits of being physically active, and they are able to talk to the people they see on the street or in the park.  These positive human relationships get/make dog owners feel happy, which can lead to longer, healthier lives.  Speaking of positive relationships, it is interesting to note that research shows pet owners often have lower blood pressure as a result of spending time with their animals.  it seems that pets get/make their owners to relax.

Animals can also play an important role for humans who are sick  In some cases, health-care professionals let/have animals provide attention, affection, and companionship for their patients.  The animals don’t replace other forms of medical care, but they help/have patients recover more quickly and live longer.  the Delta Society is a nonprofit organization that promotes the idea of using animals in places such as hospitals, nursing homes, and rehabilitation centers.  The society lets/gets volunteers to work with those in need, but it doesn’t let/make just any pet participate in its programs.  It makes/gets pets and their owners complete training courses so that the animals will e friendly and give comfort to the humans they meet.

In addition to helping those who are ill, animals can assist people with disabilities.  Guide dogs help/make people who are blind cross busy streets or take public transportation.  People who are unable to move their arms or legs can help/have their dogs open doors, turn lights off and on, and even answer the telephone.  Special hearing dogs make/let hearing-impaired owners pay attention when the doorbell rings, their baby cries, or a fire alarm sounds.

Read the conversations.  Then use the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses to complete the summaries.  Add pronouns when necessary

1.

JOHN: Mom, can I get a horse?

MOTHER: No, of course you can’t get a horse!

SUMMARY: John’s mother didn’t let him get a horse.

2.

MOTHER: Instead of a horse, will you agree to adopt a dog or a cat?

JOHN: OK.

SUMMARY: John’s mother got him to agree to adopt a dog or a cat.(get)

3.

MOTHER: You can make the choice.

JOHN: I’d rather have a cat.

SUMMARY: His mother let him make the choice. (let)

4.

MOTHER: Now, you have to do some research on pet care.

JOHN: I can do that.  I know a couple of animal-protection groups that have good information on their websites.

SUMMARY: She made him do some research on pet care. (make)

5.

JOHN: Do I have to do all of the research by myself?

MOTHER: Yes, you do.

SUMMARY: John’s mother didn’t help him do the research. / didn’t help him to do the research. (help)

6.

JOHN: I found out that I have to be 18 to adopt a pet.  Can you fill out and sign the adoption application forms for me?

MOTHER: Sure.

SUMMARY: John got her to fill out and sign the adoption application forms. (get)

7.

MOTHER: First ,you have to explain the adoption process to me.

JOHN: I have all of the information right here.

SUMMARY: John’s mother had him explain the adoption process (have)

8.

MOTHER: I have enough money to pay the adoption fees.

JOHN: You may need the money later.  I’ll pay the fees.

SUMMARY: John’s mother didn’t make him pay the adoption fees. (make)

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English Grammar Test 1

I.  Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.

1. Water _____ at 0 degree C.

(A) freezes

(B) froze

(C) has been freezing

(D) is freezing

2. In our World History class, we _____ about the causes of the Korean War this week.

(A) learn

(B) was learning

(C) are learning

  (D) had learned

3. John _____.  It really annoys me.

  (A) always complain

  (B) had always complained

  (C) is always complaining

  (D) was always complaining

4. Vicki is planning to transfer to another school, but I _____ that she should stay here.

  (A) thinking

  (B) ’d thought

  (C) thought

  (D) think

5. By 11:00 this morning, I _____ three cups of coffee.

  (A) drink

  (B) had been drinking

  (C) had drunk

  (D) have drunk

6. I was listening to the radio when I _____ the news.

  (A) hear

  (B) heard

  (C) ’ve heard

  (D) was hearing

7. Ellen and Jack _____ in Europe when they met for the first time.

  (A) traveled

  (B) have traveled

  (C) have been traveling

  (D) were traveling

8. We have been studying English grammar _____ six months.

  (A) for

  (B) since

  (C) already

  (D) after

9. The Morrisons _____ to Texas last September.

  (A) had moved

  (B) have been moving

  (C) have moved

  (D) moved

10. While Jedd was living in Toronto, Helen _____ in California.

  (A) was living

  (B) had lived

  (C) lives

  (D) has lived

11.  Bill will be _____ to Taipei tomorrow.

(A) flies

  (B) flying

  (C) fly

  (D) have been flying

12.  Look at those dark clouds!  It _____.

(A) rains

  (B) 's going to rain

  (C) 's raining

  (D) will rain

II.  Each sentence has four underlined words or phrases.  The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, and D.  Choose the letter of the one underlined word or phrases that is NOT CORRECT.

1. The doctor _Acalled _Bthis morning _Cwhile you _Dslept.

D

2. _AWhen the students _Barrived their teacher _Cwas giving them an assignment because they

_Dneeded additional practice.

C

3. I’m really hungry because I _Ahaven’t had lunch _Byet, but I _Cwait for my friends

because I _Dwant to eat with them.

C

4. _ABy the time I _Bhad gotten home, the show _Chad _Dalready ended.

B

5. Peter and Andy _Awere _Bdriving to work _Cwhen they _Dwere seeing the accident.

D

6. Erika _Ahas _Bbeen looking for a job _Csince she _Dhas graduated from college.

D

7. Janice didn’t _Aown a car then because she _Bhasn’t _Clearned to drive _Dyet.

B

8. I _Ahad _Bbeen living in this apartment for ten years, but _CI’m _Dlooking for a new one now.

A

III.  Read this passage about a growing family.  Complete the passage with the correct verb forms.  Choose the best answer on each line.

It was 2001, and I had been working in New York City for a few years.  I met my husband, Shigeo, while he    1    (a. studies b. was studying c. is studying d. had studied) medicine at Columbia University.  A friend    2    (a. was suggesting b. suggested c. suggests d. has studied) we go out, so we did.  When I    3    (a. had been meeting b. have met c. was meeting d. met) Shigeo, I liked him instantly.  First we were friends, then we began dating.  We    4    (a. took b. are taking c. had taken d. take) road trips together and had great conversations.  We    5    (a. had been seeing b. have been seeing c. saw d. have seen) each other for a year when he asked me to marry him.  He    6    (a. had been proposing b. has proposed c. proposed d. was proposing) during one of our trips.  By the time we got married, Shigeo    7    (a. is completing b. has been completing c. completes d. had completed) medical school.  He    8    (a. is getting b. has gotten c. got d. gets) a job at a hospital in California in 2003.  Our daughter, Ericka, was born a few months after he    9    (a. has started b. had started c. starts d. was starting) the job.  We    10    (a. had been living b. was living c. lives d. lived) in California for about two years when our son, Austin, was born.

IV.  Read this conversation about John’s motorcycle.  Complete the conversation by writing the simple present, simple past, present progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past progressive, past perfect or past perfect progressive form of each verb.

ALEX: John!  Do you want a ride?

JOHN: Oh sure!  Thanks.  I’m just walking to class.

ALEX: I’m heading that way too.  Don’t you usually ride a motorcycle?

JOHN: I do, but it’s in the shop right now.  I took(1. take) it in yesterday.  It was making/ made/ has been making (2. made) some weird noises.  It broke/ had broken (3. break) down last month, and I 'd been struggling/ have been struggling / was struggling/ strugggled (4. struggle) to find the money to fix it.  I almost decided / had decided (5. decide) to sell it at that point.  Since then I have been debating/ have debated (6. debate) whether or not to sell the bike because I haven't saved/ havent been saved (7. not save) any money since I got it.  Plus, I have tried/ tried (8. try) to fix it myself, but I just wasted a lot of time.

ALEX: Sorry to hear that.  I have (9. have) a bicycle you can use if you want (10. want) it.

JOHN: Thanks.  Maybe I’ll borrow it for a while.

V.   Read this magazine article about the pop group “Spinal Column.”  There are ten mistakes in the verbs.  Find and correct them.

The first album by the band Spinal Column has been rise [rising] to the top of the charts.  Their funky sound had broken [has broken/ breaks/ is breaking] the rules of contemporary pop music, and their distinctive style is quickly makes [making] Spinal Column a household name.  The new album is going [went / had gone] on sale last month, and it had selling [had been selling / was selling / sold] poorly in the first two weeks until the band appeared on The Nightly Show.  Their appearance had been changed [changed/ has changed] the course of the band’s success.  It happen [happned] quickly: A talent scout from The Nightly Show had be shopping [had been shopping / was shopping] downtown when he hears [heard] music from the new album coming from one of the shops.  Before the end of the day, he had book [had booked / booked] Spinal Column for their appearance on the show.

---

Unit 11

Circle the correct particle to complete these questions and answers from an online feng shui message board.

Q: I’ve been having a lot of trouble sleeping.  My bed faces north.  Is that OK?

A: No.  Turn it around so that your head is to the north and your feet to the south.

Q: Our building owner has cut down/up all the trees in our garden.  Now he’s going to put on/up a tall building there!  This will block away/out all our light.  What can we do?

A: I don’t know if you can work this problem off/out.  You may need to think about moving.

Q: I am opening a new restaurant in Los Angeles.  I would like to have a feng shui consultant look it over/up to see if the energy is positive.  could you recommend someone?

A: We don’t give out/up names online.  E-mail me, and I will out together/off a list for you.

Q: I hung up/out a beautiful mirror on my bedroom wall.  Then I read that mirrors bring too much energy into a bedroom.  I don’t want to take it out/down!  What can I do?

A: Before you go to sleep, put a scarf over the mirror.  That will keep on/out the “bad energy.”

Q: I don’t know much about feng shui.  How can I find after/out more about it?

A: There are hundreds of books about feng shui.  Go to your local library and take some out/up.  Or look after/up feng shui on an online bookstore website to get a list of titles.

3.  Read about one of the most famous modern architects.  Complete the information with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the boxes.

put up settle on turn out

Born in 1917, Ieoh Ming Pei (better know as I. M. Pei) grew up in Canton, China.  As a child, he watched workers put up large new buildings.  When he was 17, he went to the United States to learn about building.  He considered becoming an engineer or an architect.  In fact, he didn’t settle on his career until after he enrolled in college.  As it turned out, Pei became one of the most famous modern architects in the world.

figure out go up let in put on tear down

Pei is famous for his strong geometric forms made of steel, glass, concrete, and stone.  One of his most controversial projects was his glass pyramid at the Louvre in Paris.  The old museum was dark, confusing, and crowded.  No one wanted to tear down the old structure, so Pei had to figure out a solution to the Louvre’s problems and still be sensitive to the famous old building and its surroundings.  When he proposed his 71-foot-high glass pyramid as a new entrance to the museum, many Parisians were shocked and they put on buttons asking “Why the pyramid?”  However, the glass pyramid went up anyways, blending with the environment, reflecting the sky, and letting in the sunlight.  Today, many people say that it is a good example of the principles of feng shui.

give up go back keep on set up

In spite of harsh criticism, Pei kept on building structures that reflected their environment --- from the 70-story Bank of China skyscraper in Hong Kong to the Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.  He has received many prizes.  He used some of the prize money to set up a scholarship fund for Chinese students to study architecture in the United States and then to go back to China to work as architects.

Pei is both creative and perfectionistic.  He is also persistent.  Throughout his career he has faced a lot of opposition to his work, but Pei strongly believes that ‘you have to identify the important things and press for them and not give up.”

4. Complete the conversations with the correct form of the phrasal verb used in the first line of each conversation and a pronoun object.

1. A: Could I borrow you r truck?  I need to pick up some chairs this week.

B: Sure.  When are you going to pick them up?

2. A: Hey!  Who took down my feng shui posters?

B: Sorry. I took them down.  I thought you didn’t like them anymore.

3. A: I need to cheer up my roommate.  he just flunked a big test.

B: Why don’t you straighten up the room?  That will cheer him up.

4. A: This room is depressing.  Let’s try out some of these feng shui ideas.

B: I agree.  Let’s try them out this weekend.

5. A: We need something to light up that corner.  It’s awfully dark.

B: I have an extra lamp.  This will light it up nicely.

6. A: Can someone touch up the paint in my dorm room?  It’s cracked in several places.

B: Sure.  We’ll send someone to touch it up next week.

5.EDITING

Read this student’s journal entry.  There are ten mistakes in the use of phrasal verbs.  The first mistake is already corrected.  Find and correct nine more.

I just read an article about feng shui.  The author suggests sitting up [down] in your home and thinking about how your environment makes you feel.  I tried out it.[it out]

My apartment is bright and sunny.  This cheers me out[up].  At night, it’s very dark, but I’ve figured up[out] what to do.  I’m going to buy another lamp to light [up] the apartment at night up.  I’ll leave it on when I go out at night, so I can see light as soon as I come in.  I also like the light green walls in my bedroom, but the chipped paint has been bringing down me[me down].  I’m going to touch it over [up] soon.

My apartment is too small, but I can’t tear up[down]  the walls.  I think it will look more spacious if I just straighten it up.  I’ll try to put books back after I take them off the shelves and hang away  [up] my clothes at night.  With just a few small changes, I’ll end up feeling happier in my home.  It’s worth trying on.

---

Unit 11 extra

Complete the phrasal verbs with particles from the box.  You will use some particles more than once.

ahead back down off on out over up

Phrasal verbs Meaning

1. catch on become popular

2. cheer up make some

3. do over do again

4. get ahead make progress, succeed

5. let out allow to leave

6. let down disappoint

7. look over examine

8. pick out select or identify

9. take back return

10. try out use to find out if it works

11. turn up raise the volume

12. turn down lower the volume

13. use up consume

14. write down write on a piece of paper

15. put off delay

16. think up invent

2. Read about New Year traditions around the world.  Complete the article with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the box.  Choose the verbs that are closest in meaning to the words in parentheses.

Wearing new clothes, paying back (replay) debts, lighting candles --- many cultures share similar New Year traditions.  In Iran, for example, people celebrate Now Ruz, or new Day, on the first day of spring.  A few days before the festival, families cut down (bring down by cutting) bushes and put together (assemble) piles of wood.  They set the piles on fire, and before the wood burns up (burn completely), each family member jumps over one of the fires and says, “I give you my pale face, and I take your red one.”  The day before the New Year begins, the family sets up (prepare for use) a table in the main room with special foods and objects, such as colored eggs, cake, and the haft-sin, seven objects with names beginning with the sound “s.”  Everyone puts on (cover the body with) new clothes, and the family gets together (meet) around the table.  When the New Year begins, family members hug each other and give out (distribute) gifts, especially to the children.  For the next 12 days, people visit each other, but on the 13^th day, it is unlucky to be inside a house, so people go out (leave) and spend the day in parks and fields, where they have picnics, listen to music, and play sports.  They don’t go back (return) home until sunset.  At the end of the day, everyone “throws away (discard)” bad luck by throwing wheat or lentils into a river.

3.   Complete the conversations with the phrasal verbs and objects in parentheses.  Place the object between the verbs and the participle when possible.

A: Vijay: We need about two dozen candles for Diwali.

Nira: I’ll pick them up (pick up / them) after work.

Vijay: While you’re there, why don’t you get some new decorations?

Nira: Let’s have the children pick them out.  You know how excited they get about the Hindu New Year.

B. Eva: Why do you empty out the money and everything else in your pockets on Rosh Hashana?

Simon: It’s a custom for the Jewish New Year to throw what’s in our pockets into moving water.  It’s like getting rid of last year’s bad memories.

Eva: Here’s my cigarette lighter.  I’d love to throw it away.

C. May: When will we set the firecrackers off for the Chinese New Year?

Ning: Not until dark.

May: Don’t the firecrackers have something to do with evil spirits?

Ning: Yes.  We believe that the noise keeps them away.

D. Liam: Are you decorating for Christmas?

Zo?: No, we’re hanging these streamers up for Kwanzaa, the African-American harvest celebration.  It comes at the same time as Christmas and New Year.

Liam: What is your mom putting on the table?

Zo?: That’s kinara.  We set it up to hold the Kwanzaa candles.

E. Kelsey: Do you usually make New Year’s resolutions?

Ian: Yes, and I write down all of the resolutions that I make each year because they’re so easy to forget by February.

Kelsey: This year I’d like to stop eating desserts.

Ian: I gave them up for a few months last year.  I lost five pounds.

---

Unit 12

2.
A scam is dishonest plan, usually with the goal of getting money.  Read about how to avoid some common scams.  Complete the information with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs in the boxes.

I just threw out my first issue of Motorcycle Mama.  I'm nobody's mama and I don't own a motorcycle, so how did I end up with this subscription?  Well, my neighbor's son was raising money for his cocker team, and I didn't want to let him down .  It's easy to hang up on telemarketers, but it's hard to say no to your friends and neighbors.

The magazine company got to me through a friendship.  It's one of the ways “persuasion professionals” get us to say yes.  Of course it's OK to help out the local soccer team.  But a lot of people fall for scams because of similar techniques.  Watch out for these common scams.

When someone gives you something, you want to give something back .  This desire to return a favor can cost you money when a telemarketer announces you've won a vacation or a new car.  These offers aren't free.  When people go along with them, they always find out that there's a tax or a fee to collect the “free” prize.  Since they've accepted the offer, they feel obligated to pay.  You should turn these offers down .  these are scams---all too often people lay out money and receive nothing.

A TV actor will put on a doctor's white jacket and talk about cough medicine.  In a magazine ad, a woman in a business suit will help you pick out the best investment firm.  Ads with fake “authority figures: are easy to spot, but there's a new Internet scam that's harder to recognize.  The scammer sends e-mails that seem to be from well-known banks.  They tell you that a problem with your account has turned up .  Then they send you to an Internet site to fill out forms with your account information and password.  The site seems to have authority---- it looks like the real thing.  But a real bank will never ask for your information over the Internet.  You can count on that!

3.  Complete the conversations.  Use phrasal verbs and pronouns.

1. A: Tell Ana not to pick the phone up.  It's probably a telemarketer.
B: Too late.  She’s already picked it up.

2. A: You can't turn down this great offer for cat food!
B: I'm afraid I have to turn it down .  I don't have a cat.

3. A: Did you fill out the online Do Not Call from?
B: I filled it out yesterday.  Thanks for telling me about it.

4. A: I left out my office phone and fax numbers on that form.
B: Why did you leave them out ?

5. A: Remember to call your mother back.
B: I called her back last night.

6. A: Did you write down the dates of the calls?
B: I wrote them down , but then I lost the piece of paper.

7. A: Can you take my mother’s name off your calling list?
B: Sure.  We'll take it off right away.

8. A: Let's turn the phone off and have dinner.
B: I can't turn it off .  I'm expecting an important call.

4.  Complete the ads.  Use the correct forms of the phrasal verbs and objects in parentheses.  Place the object between the verb and the particle when possible.

Lose Weight!

Take those extra pounds off fast!  Love bread and cake?  Don't give them up (2. give up / them).  No diet!  No pills!  No exercise!  Our delicious drinks will fiil you up (3. fill up / you) while you lose weight.  Try our plan out (4. Try out /our plan) at no cost.  It's FREE for one month!
Our eight loss secrets can by yours today.  Find them out (5. Find out / them) as soon as you sign up for our plan (6. sign up for / our plan).  Want to know more?  Click here for our information request form.  Fill it out (7. Fill out / it) to get our brochure.  Just stick to our plan (8. stick to / our plan), and watch those pounds come off!  If you do not want to receive e-mail from us, we will take you off (9. take off / you) our list.

 

Make $$$$$ working from home

Turn your hobby into (10. Turn into / your hobby) cash, and increase your savings without leaving your home!  My home-based business takes in $2,000 (11. take in / $2,000) a day.  That's right---and I turn work down (12. turn down / work) every week.  Sure , I could take employees on (13. take on / employees), but I'd rather teach you how to go after those jobs (14. go after / those jobs).  This is an easy business, and you can set it up (15. set up / it) in a few days.  Click on the $ and I'll send the materials out (16. send out / the materials) right away.  Check them out (17. check out / them).  If you don't like them, send them back (18. send back / them).  It's as simple as that!  Don't put it off ( 19. put off / it)!  This offer is a money machine, so don't pass it up (20. pass up / it).  Start to cash in on this great opportunity (21. cash in on / this great opportunity) by next week!

 

5.  Editing
Read this transcript of a phone call between a telemarketer ™ and Janis Linder (JL).  there are fourteen mistakes in the use of phrasal verbs.  The first mistake is already corrected.  Find and correct thirteen more.

TM: Hello, Ms. Linder?
JL: Yes.  Who's this?
TM: This is Bob Watson from Motorcycle Mama.  I'm calling to offer you a 12-month subscription for the low price of just $15 a year.  Can I sign up you [you up]?
JL: No tanks.  I'm not interested in signing in [up] for any more magazine subscriptions.  Besides, I just sat up [down]for dinner.
TM: Why don't you at least try out it [it out] for six months?  Don't pass this great opportunity down [up]!  It's a once in a lifetime chance.
JL: Sorry, I'm really not interested.  I don't even have a motorcycle.
TM: Well then, this is a great opportunity to find all about them out[out all about them]!  We'll send you a free copy and you can look over it[it over].
JL: You're not going to talk me in [into] it!  In fact, I'm going to hang the phone down [up] right now.  And please take my name out [off] your list.
TM: No, hold out [on]!  Don't go away!  Don't turn this great offer down!  You'll be sorry if you do.  Chances like this don't come around every day!  Don't miss it out on [out on it]!
JL: OK.  I have an idea.  Why don't you give me your phone number, and I'll call back you [call you back] during YOUR dinner?
[click as he telemarketer hangs [up] the phone]

JL: Hello?  Hello?

---

Unit 13

2A. Match the words on the left with the descriptions on the right.

 

1. acquaintance e
2. album h
3. soul mate g
4. colleague j
5. confident i
6. empathy f
7. friendship c
8. in-law d
9. reunion b
10. spouse a

2B Now write definitions for the words on the left.  Use the correct description on the right and appropriate relative pronouns.

1. An acquaintance is a person who knows you but is not a close friend.
2. An album is a book which (/ that) has pages for saving photos.
3. A soul mate is a person who (/that) is very similar to you in thought and feeling.
4. A colleague is aperson who (/that) has the same job or profession as you.
5. A confidant is a person who (/that) listens to your private feelings and thoughts.
6. Empathy is a feeling which (/that) lets you experience another person's feelings.
7. Friendship is a relationship which (/that) ecists between friends.
8. A in-law is a peson who (/that) is your husband's or wife's relative.
9. A reunion is an event which (/that) brings people together after a long separation.
10. A spuse is the person who (/that) is married to you.

 

3. A U.S. magazine, Psychology Today, conducted a national survey on friendship.  Below are some of the results and opinions about them.  Complete each sentence with an appropriate relative pronoun and the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. A person who has(have)lived in the same place has more casual friends than someone who /that has (have) moved around.
2. People who/that have (have) moved a lot have fewer casual friends.
3. The qualities which/that are (be) most important in a friends are loyalty, warmth, and the ability to keep secrets.
4. People who/that face (face) a crisis turn first to their friends for help, not to their families.
5. Betrayal is the reason which/that is (be) most often given for ending a friendship.  Most people cannot forgive this break in trust.
6. Most people can maintain friendships with friends who/that have (have) become more successful than they are.
7. May people have friends whose social or religious backgrounds are (be) different from theirs.  These differences don't seem to affect their friendships.
8. Most people whose friends include (include) members of the opposite sex say that these relationships are different from relationships with the same sex.
9. This survey, which appeared (appear) in a past issue of Psychology Today, was completed by typical readers of this magazine.
10. Someone who/that doesn't read/hasn't read (not read) Psychology Today might have different ideas about friendship.
11. For some, friends must be people who/that share (share) the same social or religious beliefs.
12. Today a close friends can be someone who/that stays (stay) in touch online.  You may rarely see your online friends.

4.  Read the conversations.  Then use the first sentence in each conversation to help you write a summary.  Use adjective clauses.  Remember to use commas where necessary.

1. A This article is really interesting.
B: What’s it about?
A: It discusses the different types of friendship.

SUMMARY: This article, which discusses the different types of friendship, is really interesting.

2. A They’ll meet us at the restaurant, OK?
B: Which restaurant?
A: You know the one.  It’s across the street from the library.

SUMMARY: They'll meet us at the restaurant which (/that) is across the street from the library.

3. A The navy blue suit looked the best.
B: Which navy blue suit?
A: The one on sale.

SUMMARY: The navy blue suit which (/that) was on sale looked the best.

4. A Bill and Sue aren’t close friends with the Swabodas.
B: No.  The Swabodas’ interests are very different from theirs.

SUMMARY: Bill and Sue aren't close friends with the Swabodas, whose interests are very different from theirs.

5. A I loaned some chairs to the new neighbors.
B: Why did they need chairs?
A: They’re having a party tonight.

SUMMARY: I loaned some chairs to the new neighbors, who are having a party tonight.

6. A I was just laughing at an old picture of Jason.
B: Which one?  You have hundreds.
A: You know the one---it shows him holding hands with Amy.

SUMMARY: I was just laughing at an old picture of Jason which (/that) shows him holding hands with Amy.

7. A My boyfriend left me a lot of plants to water.
B: How come?
A: He went to Venezuela for two weeks.

SUMMARY: My boyfriend, who went to Benexuela for two weeks, left me a lot of plants to water.

 

5. Editing
Read this student’s essay about a friend.  There are ten mistakes in the use of adjective clauses and their punctuation.  Each incorrectly punctuated clause counts as one mistake. (Foe example, “My mother who is my best friend just turned 50” needs two commas, but it counts as one mistake.)  The first mistake is already corrected.  Find and correct nine more.

 

Good friends

A write once said that friends are born, not made.  I think he meant that friendship is like love at first sight---we become friends immediately with people who they are compatible with us.  I don't agree with this writer.  Last summer I made friends with some people who's [who are/were] completely different from me.
In July, I went to Mexico City to study Spanish for a month.  In our group, there were five adults, which [who] were all language teachers from our school.  Two teachers stayed with friends in Mexico City, and we only saw those teachers during the day.  But we saw the teachers, who [teachers who] stayed with us in the dormitory, both [dormitory both] day and night.  They were the ones who they helped us when we had problems.  Bob Taylor [,] who is much older than I am [,] became a really good friend.  In my first week, I had a problem that was getting me down.  Mexico City, that [which] is a very exciting place, was too distracting.  I went out all the time, and I stopped going to my classes.  Bob, who have [has] studied abroad a lot, helped me get back into my studies.  After the trip I kept writing to Bob, who's [whose] letters are always interesting and encouraging.  Next summer, he's leading another trip what [that/which]sounds interesting.  It's a three-week trip to Spain, which is a place he knows a lot about.  I hope I can go.

---

Unit 14

Complete this interview from a school newspaper. Use a relative pronoun, when or where, and the correct forms of the verbs on parentheses.

Meet Your Classmates

Maniya, who a lot of our readers already know (know) has been at Grover High for three years Now. We interviewed Maniya about her experiences coming to the United States.

INTERVIEWER: How did yr family choose Atlanta, Maniya?
MANIYA: My cousin,who(m) we stayed (stay) with at first, lives here.
INTERVIEWER: What were your first impressions?
MANIYA: At first it was fun. We got here in the summer, when there was (be) no school, so I didn't　feel much pressure to speak English.
INTERVIEWER: What was the most difficult thing about going to school?
MANIYA: Of course, the class in which I had (have) the biggest problems at first was English. It was so hard for me to write compositions or to say the things that (which) I wanted (want) to say. Now it's much easier.
INTERVIEWER: What was the biggest change for you when you got here?
MANIYA: We used to live in a big house, where (in which) there were (be) always a lot of people. Here I live with my parents and sister, who(m) I take care of (take care of) after school.
  How did you learn English so quickly?
MANIYA: At night, I write words and idioms on a piece of paper that (which) I put (put) in my shirt pocket.   Then I study them at school whenever I have a chance.
INTERVIEWER: Is there anything that (which) you still have (have) trouble with?
MANIYA: One thing that (which) I still find (find) hard to do is make jokes in English. Some things are funny in Tagalog but not in English.

3. Memories

 Combine the pair of sentences. Make the second sentence in each pair an adjective clause. Make any other necessary changes.

2  I lived with my parents and my siblings. You've met them.
I lived with my parents and my siblings, who (that OR whom) you've met.
3. I had two sisters and an older brother. I got along well with my sisters.
I had two sisters, who (whom) I got along well with (with whom I got along well) , and an older brother.
4.       My sisters and shared a room. We spent nights talking there.
My sisters and I shared a roo, where we spent nights talking.
5. My brother slept ok the living room couch. I hardly ever saw him
My brother, who (whom) I hardly ever saw, slept on the liing room couch.
6. It was a large old couch. My father had made the couch himself.
It was a large old couch, which my father had made himself.
7. My best friend lived across the hall. I saw her every day.
My best friend, who (whom) I saw every day, lived across the hall.
8 we went to the same school   we both studied English there.
We went to the same school, where we both studied English.
9. Mr. Robinson. Was our English teacher. Everyone was a little afraid of Mr. Robinson.
M. Robinso, who (whom) everyone was a little afraid of (of whom everyone was alittle aftaid), was our English teacher.
10. After school I worked on a bakery. My aunt and uncle owned it.
After school I worked in a bakery that (which) my aunt and uncle owned.
11. They sold delicious bread and cake. People stood in line for hours to buy the bread and cake.
They sold delicious bread and cake, whch people stood in line for hours to buy.
12. I took piano lessons from a woman. The woman's sister worked in the bakery
I took piano lessons from a woman whose sister worked in the bakery.
13. I remember one summer. The whole family went to the lake then
I remember one summer when the whole family went to the lake.
14. It was a great summer I'll never forget that summer.
It was a great summer, which I'll never forget.
15. My brother and sisters live far away now. I miss them.
My bother and sisters, who (whom) I miss, live far away now.
16. When we get together we like to talk about the old days. We all loved at home then.
When we get together we like to talk about the old days when we all lived at home.

4. Editing

Tai Dong, where I grew up, is a small city on the southeast coast of Taiwan. My family moved there from Taipei the summer when I was born. I don't remember our first house which we rented from a relative, but when I was two, we moved to the house that I grew up in. This house where my parents still live, is on a main street in Tai Dong. To me, this was the best place in the world. My mother had a food stand in our front courtyard where she sold omelets early in the morning. All her customers, whom I always chatted with, were friendly to me. On the first floor, my father conducted his tea business in the front room. After school, I always went straight to the corner where he sat drinking tea with his customers. In the back was our huge kitchen with its stone floor and brick oven. I loved dinnertime because the kitchen was always full of relatives and the customers that my father had invited to dinner. It was a fun and noisy place to be. Next to the kitchen, there was one small bedroom. My oldest cousin, whose father wanted him to learn the tea business, slept there. Our living room and bedrooms were upstairs. My two sisters, slept in one bedroom, and my older brother and I slept in the other. My younger sister shared a room with my grandmother, who took care of her a lot of the time.