Oral English . . . English Writing

Verb Forms

http:// www3.agu.ac.jp / ~jeffreyb / SVO / verbJpn.html
[ English version ]

        学生達がよく使う動詞の形は5つ有ります。不定詞、現在分詞(動名詞)、現在形、過去形、と過去分詞です。正しく使いましょう。

不定詞 (to 原形)

        2つの動詞が繋がる時(a double burger S V V O)不定詞が使えます。後の動詞をto+原形にする。前の動詞の方が時制の変化(過去形、進行形、完了形、など)をする。

  (m) V3 区  V4 区   
Wallydidn't seem  to know about the fire.
Beavertried  to hidethe black eyefrom his dad.
Wallyremembered  to dohis homework. 
Mr. Blairused  to wrestle in college.
Mrs. Greenwanted  to takea bath. 
Mrs. Greenwanted ...   . 
... the boys  to takea bath. 

動名詞 (原形ing)

        現在分詞は2つの役割が有ります。1つは不定詞の様に連続する動詞(double burger S V V O)の時に使えます。後の動詞の原形にingを付ける。同じ役割をするから、to+動詞か動詞ingかどっちにする、前の動詞によって決まります。

  (m) V3 区  V4 区   
Junjican't help fallingasleepin class.
Kanastopped  talking  to her friend Yumi
after their big fight.
Tomomistarted  playing guitar4 years ago.
Otsuneremembers  slappingOshinin the face.
Oshinremembers ...   
... Otsune  slappingherin the face.

1

2

3

現在分詞 (原形ing)

        もう1つの役割は進行形です。気を付ける事は助動詞です。Be助動詞(am, is, are, was, were,など)が必要です。助動詞は強調しないので、短縮形が多くて、聞き取りにくいです。

  m2 区  V3 区   
The sun was  shining  brightly yesterday.
Violetwas  drinking milk shakeswith Beaver while ...
their dadswere  looking for them.

未来形(現在分詞 不定詞)

  m2 区  V3 区  V4 区   
You are  going to graduate  from this university
in a few years.
Until it    started  raining,   
Violet was  going  to play  with Beaver while ...
their moms were  working   in the garden.

未来形(will 原形)

  m1 区  V3 区   
Prince Charleswill  become the King of Englandsomeday.
Violetcannot  play  with Beaver
next week.

1

2

3

4

5

6<>7

8

9

現在形(原形 (s))

        現在形は繰り返す時(毎日毎日)又は続く状態の時しか使えないです。今だけ(途中)の話しは現在進行形です。現在形の形は原形と同じです。ただ三人称単数形の場合は最後にsを付けなければ成りません。複数の場合は主語にsを付けましょう。I, we, you の時だけは主語にも動詞にもsを付けません。

  m1 区  V3 区   
Many students  take the busfrom Fujigaoka.
My father  takes medicinefor his blood pressure.
Studentsshould question everything
their teachers say.
 
Nanamust get up  very early
for team practice.

過去形(原形ed)

        済んだ事の話しがずいぶん多いでしょう。その時は過去形を使った方が良いです。一杯使って下さい。大体原形にedを付けるけれど発音は d 又は t で聞き取りにくいです。そして、簡単なよく使われる動詞の中に例外が沢山有ります。

        簡単過去形も簡単現在形も肯定文には助動詞を使わないですが、否定文又は疑問文の場合は助動詞を入れなければ成りません。その時にdo助動詞(do, did)を使いましょう。

  m2 区  V3 区   
Taka  played socceron Monday.
Hedidn't play baseball. 
Whatdid he play  on Friday?

過去分詞(原形ed/en)

        過去分詞は2つ使い方が在ります。1つは完了形です。完了形はあまり使わない方が良いです。下に書いてある言葉又はその様な意味を伝えたい時に使いましょう。

  m2 区  V3 区   
The rainhas just  stopped.  
Nahohad already  finishedher workout when we arrived
at the gym.
Midorihas not  taken her medicineyet.
Bobhas  had a coldsince last Thursday.
Momokohas been  waiting  to see the doctor
for more than 2 hours..
The Dragonshave  beaten the Giantsthree times in a row.
Hidenorihas never  gone  to Europe.

1

2

3

4

5

Regular (-ed) and Irregular Verbs

現在 過去 完了
playplayedhave played
writewrotehave written
speakspokehave spoken
gowenthave gone
dodidhave done
am, is, arewas, werehave been
havehadhave had
readreadhave read
understandunderstoodhave understood
thinkthoughthave thought
singsanghave sung

過去分詞(原形ed/en)

        もう1つの役割は受身形(受動態)です。主語と目的語は気に付けましょう。主語は元の能動態(SVO)の目的語です。この理由で受身形は絶対目的語が無いです。

  m2 区  V3 区   
Genji Monogatariwas  written more than 1,000
years ago.
Most nutrientsare  absorbed in the small intestine.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Every sentence has a verb cluster. It's the heart of the sentence.
name form functions examples
Infinitive
(不定詞)
V . . . to V joins
two verbs
Hiro tried to catch the 4:30 bus.
Present participle
(現在分詞)
V . . . V-ing
be . . . V-ing
joins
two verbs
progressive
(進行形)
Students continued talking
even after the bell.
The sun was shining brightly
for last week's tournament.
Future tense
(未来形)
be ... going to V
will ... V
informal
formal
Yukihiro is going to work
for Toyota.
He will start right after graduation.
Present tense
(現在形)
.
V-s
V
3rd person
singular
plural
Our teacher rides the bus
from Fujigaoka.
We ride it, too.
Past tense
(過去形)
V-ed
did not . . . V
Did . . . V
affirmative
negative
question
Taka played soccer on Monday.
He didn't play on Tuesday.
Did he play on Friday?
Past participle
(過去分詞)
have . . . V-en (d)
be . . . V-en (d)
perfect
(完了形)
passive
(受身形)
I have just written a letter
to my friend Momo.
Tales of Genji was written
more than 1,000 years ago.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Sample sentences about British history.
name form functions examples
Infinitive
(不定詞)
V . . . to V joins
two verbs
The army pretended to flee
from the battlefield in panic.
Henry VIII wanted to divorce
his wife Catherine.
Present participle
(現在分詞)
V . . . V-ing
be . . . V-ing
joins
two verbs
progressive
(進行形)
James IV of Scotland
tried attacking while ...
... his his wife's father
was fighting in France.
Present tense
(現在形)
.
V-s
V
3rd person
singular
plural
Almost every student knows
of Elizabeth I and her father.
Very few know of her brother.
Past tense
(過去形)
V-ed
did not . . . V
Did . . . V
affirmative
negative
question
Guillaume defeated Harold.
Edward didn't name an heir.
Did Cromwell's army win?
Past participle
(過去分詞)
be . . . V-en (d)
have . . . V-en (d)
passive
(受身形)
perfect
(完了形)
Charles I was executed
in the Tower of London.
No country has conquered
England since William I.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Sample sentences about medicine.
name form functions examples
Infinitive
(不定詞)
V . . . to V joins
two verbs
Taka continued to cough for two weeks.
Rie started to undergo chemotherapy on Friday.
Present participle
(現在分詞)
V . . . V-ing
be . . . V-ing
joins
two verbs
progressive
(進行形)
You should stop taking Mucodine tablets
if you experience any adverse side-effects.
The strep infection is spreading
into your bronchial tubes.
Present tense
(現在形)
.
V-s
V
3rd person
singular
plural
Dr. Hibino watches Ainori
every Monday night.
We watch it, too.
Past tense
(過去形)
V-ed
did not . . . V
Did . . . V
affirmative
negative
question
Dr. Hibino prescribed tetracycline.
He didn't prescribe aspirin.
Did he explain how to take the medicine?
Past participle
(過去分詞)
have . . . V-en (d)
be . . . V-en (d)
perfect
(完了形)
passive
(受身形)
This cancer patient has been
unconscious for 2 weeks.
Tales of Genji was written
more than 1,000 years ago.


Last updated November 2014
Copyright (C) 2008-2014 by Jeff Blair
contact information