http:// www3.agu.ac.jp / ~jeffreyb / SVO / verbJpn.html
[ English version ]
学生達がよく使う動詞の形は5つ有ります。不定詞、現在分詞(動名詞)、現在形、過去形、と過去分詞です。正しく使いましょう。
2つの動詞が繋がる時(a double burger S V V O)不定詞が使えます。後の動詞をto+原形にする。前の動詞の方が時制の変化(過去形、進行形、完了形、など)をする。
(m) V3 区 | V4 区 | |||
Wally | didn't seem | to know | about the fire. | |
Beaver | tried | to hide | the black eye | from his dad. |
Wally | remembered | to do | his homework. | |
Mr. Blair | used | to wrestle | in college. | |
Mrs. Green | wanted | to take | a bath. | |
Mrs. Green | wanted ... | . | ||
... the boys | to take | a bath. | ||
現在分詞は2つの役割が有ります。1つは不定詞の様に連続する動詞(double burger S V V O)の時に使えます。後の動詞の原形にingを付ける。同じ役割をするから、to+動詞か動詞ingかどっちにする、前の動詞によって決まります。
(m) V3 区 | V4 区 | |||
Junji | can't help | falling | asleep | in class. |
Kana | stopped | talking | to her friend Yumi after their big fight. | |
Tomomi | started | playing | guitar | 4 years ago. |
Otsune | remembers | slapping | Oshin | in the face. |
Oshin | remembers ... | |||
... Otsune | slapping | her | in the face. | |
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もう1つの役割は進行形です。気を付ける事は助動詞です。Be助動詞(am, is, are, was, were,など)が必要です。助動詞は強調しないので、短縮形が多くて、聞き取りにくいです。
m2 区 | V3 区 | |||
The sun | was | shining | brightly yesterday. | |
Violet | was | drinking | milk shakes | with Beaver while ... |
their dads | were | looking | for them. | |
m2 区 | V3 区 | V4 区 | |||
You | are | going | to graduate | from this university in a few years. | |
Until it | started | raining, | |||
Violet | was | going | to play | with Beaver while ... | |
their moms | were | working | in the garden. | ||
m1 区 | V3 区 | |||
Prince Charles | will | become | the King of England | someday. |
Violet | cannot | play | with Beaver next week. | |
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現在形は繰り返す時(毎日毎日)又は続く状態の時しか使えないです。今だけ(途中)の話しは現在進行形です。現在形の形は原形と同じです。ただ三人称単数形の場合は最後にsを付けなければ成りません。複数の場合は主語にsを付けましょう。I, we, you の時だけは主語にも動詞にもsを付けません。
m1 区 | V3 区 | |||
Many students | take | the bus | from Fujigaoka. | |
My father | takes | medicine | for his blood pressure. | |
Students | should | question | everything their teachers say. | |
Nana | must | get up | very early for team practice. | |
済んだ事の話しがずいぶん多いでしょう。その時は過去形を使った方が良いです。一杯使って下さい。大体原形にedを付けるけれど発音は d 又は t で聞き取りにくいです。そして、簡単なよく使われる動詞の中に例外が沢山有ります。
簡単過去形も簡単現在形も肯定文には助動詞を使わないですが、否定文又は疑問文の場合は助動詞を入れなければ成りません。その時にdo助動詞(do, did)を使いましょう。
m2 区 | V3 区 | |||
Taka | played | soccer | on Monday. | |
He | didn't | play | baseball. | |
What | did he | play | on Friday? | |
過去分詞は2つ使い方が在ります。1つは完了形です。完了形はあまり使わない方が良いです。下に書いてある言葉又はその様な意味を伝えたい時に使いましょう。
m2 区 | V3 区 | |||
The rain | has just | stopped. | ||
Naho | had already | finished | her workout | when we arrived at the gym. |
Midori | has not | taken | her medicine | yet. |
Bob | has | had | a cold | since last Thursday. |
Momoko | has been | waiting | to see the doctor for more than 2 hours.. | |
The Dragons | have | beaten | the Giants | three times in a row. |
Hidenori | has never | gone | to Europe. | |
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現在 | 過去 | 完了 |
play | played | have played |
write | wrote | have written |
speak | spoke | have spoken |
go | went | have gone |
do | did | have done |
am, is, are | was, were | have been |
have | had | have had |
read | read | have read |
understand | understood | have understood |
think | thought | have thought |
sing | sang | have sung |
もう1つの役割は受身形(受動態)です。主語と目的語は気に付けましょう。主語は元の能動態(SVO)の目的語です。この理由で受身形は絶対目的語が無いです。
m2 区 | V3 区 | |||
Genji Monogatari | was | written | more than 1,000 years ago. | |
Most nutrients | are | absorbed | in the small intestine. | |
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